When Bread Changed History The French Revolution

When Bread Changed History: The French Revolution Bread, the Christian Bible tells us, is the staff of life. In The Hunger Games, Peeta is beaten for throwing burnt loaves of bread to Katniss and her starving family. Miguel de Cervantes in Don Quixote gave an emotional comparison, saying â€Å"All sorrows are less with bread†. For most people, a trip to France is incomplete without several stops to a bakery for a warm crunchy baguette or a buttery croissant. When the French are standing in a long line to buy their days’ worth of bread, they are not just buying bread, but a piece of history as well. Bread was consumed by everyone in 18th century France. From King Louis XVI - who reigned France during this time, the clergy - religious leaders, the nobility- privileged class, the bourgeoisie- the upper middle class, and the peasants- the poorest and least powerful. However, it was different for the peasants. They made up over 85% of the population in France, but they struggled the most. Peasants stood in long lines to buy pieces of bread that were worth more than half of their wages. Bread wasn’t just the â€Å"staff of life† for most peasants in the pre-industrial era; it was life itself. In the 18th century, peasants revolted against the government because there weren’t enough grains, and its prices were too high. Bread, or the lack of, was a political, societal, and economic cause that led to the French Revolution in 1789. To start off, the control on bread was a politicalShow MoreRelatedThe French Revolution And The Revolution Of The Bastille1221 Words   |  5 Pageswould shake a nation. This event further altered the country of France’s history and drastically changed its future. This event was known as the Storming of the Bastille, the first violent instance to instigate the French Revolution and the formation of a rebel alliance to overthrow French monarchy. However the motives of the renegades is far and wide. The question must be asked; What were the major reasons for the French Revolution? Many elements of France’s infrastructure were created to suppress theRead MoreThe French Revolution And The American Revolution1408 Words   |  6 Pages The French Revolution Salahaldin Bileh History 101 Professor Manley October 7, 2015 Throughout history, there have been many Revolutions. The French Revolution was a revolution that changed France history completely. The French Revolution did not only changed history, but changed France’s historical monarchy government to a more republic government. The poor French citizens got the courage to start a revolution from the American Revolution. The French Revolution started at 1789Read MoreWhat Caused The French Revolution?917 Words   |  4 PagesWhat caused the French Revolution? Many things contributed to it evolving. But only three were the most important. The influence dates back all the way to the Age of Enlightenment, the ideas definitely had an effect on the French citizens. The American Revolution ties with the Enlightenment as well. The political inequality of the three estates played a huge part in the disruption. In addition to that, the Economic inequality also influenced France. The French Revolution is a big and memorable partRead MoreThe Debate On The French Revolution Essay1404 Words   |  6 PagesThe Debate on the French Revolution For the French Revolution, the historians are mainly entangled in the debate between two different interpretations. The Marxists recognize the French Revolution as the conflict between the old order (feudal system) and the modern society. On the other hand, the revisionists consider the French Revolution as essentially a political revolution, instead of a bourgeois revolution. From my perspective, the French Revolution is a combined consequence of both economicRead More Everyday Life in Sixteenth Century France Essay1068 Words   |  5 Pageslifestyle in France, just like in all other European countries, has changed dramatically since the early 1700’s. People went from farmers to factory owners to all of the professions of today’s society. The main reason for the great changes in lifestyle that occurred in France was the Industrial Revolution, which urbanized most of France. But the Industrial Revolution was not the only thing that changed France. The monarchy fell the church changed, and the role people had in their jobs and family life changeRead MoreFrom 1789 to 1799, Who Posed the More Dangerous Threats to the French Revolution: Its External Enemies or Its Internal Enemies?891 Words   |  4 Pagesof modern European History: the French Revolution. The French population went through economic chaos, a dictatorship, and a civil war as well as other dramatic changes. During these years, the French decided to speak up for themselves and they became enemies of the French revolution. Internal enemies included the King, Louis XVI, Monarchists and Royalists and the Churches that were run by refractory priests. External threats were caused by aristocrats who had fled the Revolution; more specificallyRead MoreFrom 1789 to 1799, Who Posed the More Dangerous Threats to the French Revolution: Its External Enemies or Its Internal Enemies?880 Words   |  4 Pagesof modern European History: the French Revolution. The French population went through economic chaos, a dictatorship, and a civil war as well as other dramatic changes. During these years, the French decided to speak up for themselves and they became enemies of the French revolution. Internal enemies included the King, Louis XVI, Monarchists and Royalists and the Churches that were run by refractory priests. External threats were caused by aristocrats who had fled the Revolution; more specificallyRead MoreHow Bread Has Improved With New Technology1549 Words   |  7 Pages Matthew Henry once said, â€Å"Here is bread, which strengthens man s heart, and therefore is called the staff of Life.† Bread in many perspectives is the staff of life; it has come a long way with each step evolving into something new; evolving into over two hundred types of bread that are sold worldwide. Bread, born from the minds of humans, to turn a grain into flour, unite it with liquids and toast them over hot stones, is revolutionary. Bread has evolved into impacting our culture, religion, andRead MoreFrench Revolution: the Solution to Class Inequality1141 Words   |  5 Pages The French Revolution was one of the most important events that occurred in the history of France. The revolution crumpled the Old Regime and completely transformed the social and political system of France. The people of France sought to establish a more egalitarian society through their newly created Republic. When Enlightenment thinkers such as John Locke, Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Baron de Montesquieu introduced individual liberty, natural rights and equality the ideas of revolution emergedRead MoreThe French And American Revolutions Essay1369 Words   |  6 Pagesregarding the causes and circumstances between the French and American Revolutions existed due to the people and ideas of the day, but ultimately, they were motivated by different concerns. Americans wanted to be a sovereign nation and the French nationals were revolting against years of oppression and social inequity between the classes. The main causes of the French and American Revolutions will now be listed respectively: FRENCH REVOLUTION: 1. Financial/Economical In the 1700’s, France was

The Enlightenment On The Creation Of A Thriving Society

Tanika Wolff, Group 1 â€Å"Central to the Enlightenment is the notion that equality of educational opportunity is essential to the creation of a flourishing society. Discuss with reference to both a liberal and a conservative perspective† The driving force of the 18th century Enlightenment was to liberate individuals from the oppression of religion. To challenge the despotism of the traditional absolutes, it was imperative that the people were liberated from their dependence on various hegemonies so that they need not rely on such institutions for guidance. In order to do so, individuals needed to mature their intellect, relying on reason and rationality to venture towards autonomy. Consequently, education of the people became crucial in the†¦show more content†¦Through analysing the beliefs at the core of the two polar political ideologies, it can be concluded that liberalism has a more conceivable notion of the foundations inherent to a prosperous society. As a political ideology, conservatism is defined by the desire to conserve and is reflected in a suspicion of political and social change. Conservatives venerate tradition as it is seen to generate social cohesion by linking people to the past and providi ng them with a sense of identity. Conservatives interpret society as a living entity, which is hierarchical by nature and characterised by established social gradations. Thus when reflecting upon society with a conservative perspective, genuine social equality is but a myth, rejected as undesirable and unachievable. Central to this ideology is the notion that inequality of wealth is inevitable, and is justified through the correspondence of differing social responsibilities. Burke a political philosopher who challenged the French Revolution as destructive and counter-productive believed Europe was already representing a flourishing society when the Revolution began. Burke argued that it was not enough to be free, life needed meaning and such could be found in tradition, folklore and myth. In Reflections on the Revolution in France (Burke, E 2004)i, Burke alludes to his position on education, claiming â€Å"there ought to be a system of manners in every nation which a well formed mind to be disposed to relish’ (Burke, E

Essay on Commercial Law of Thermomix Appliance

Question: Discuss about the Commercial Law for Thermomix Appliance. Answer: 1. In case of the provided scenario of Thermomix Appliance it can be noticed that due to the faulty products produced by the company and in spite of informing the company the users or the consumers had to face number of injuries. Some of the mentionable injuries include case 16, January 2015, where the lid of the product blew off that resulted in causing burns to neck, face, arm, and chest. In this mentioned case TM5 model caused the injury. Similarly for case 68, the machine vibrated, became disordered which caused the led to blow off, the consequence of which was explosion of the soup the user was preparing and received second degree burns on the face. On informing the company there was not further response. There are other, number of accidents that had occurred due to the faulty product of Thermomix Appliance. This makes the company tortuously liable to the users for their injuries and suffering as the basic ground of liability in tort of negligence (Austlii, 2002). It needs to be mentioned here that, a legal wrong a legal wrong committed on the part of an entity or on the part of an individual against another entity or a person, for which an award of damages is the remedy can be stated as tort. In this context, it needs to be highlighted that on the part of plaintiff it is required to prove that there was negligence on the part of the defendant, which caused the injuries. This makes it essential for the plaintiff to prove the presence of all the elements that caused the damages. These elements include -duty, breach of duty, cause in fact, proximate cause and damages. In the provided scenario, it can be noticed that on the part of Thermomix Appliance, it owed to the users as duty of care at law of providing safe and effective products to the users. The company breached the duty by failing to meet care standard as required by the law by providing the products that are not faulty to the users. Most importantly, due to the breach of duty on the par t of the organization the users had to suffer major damages like second degree burns in case 52, face, arm and chest burns in case 62 (Choice, 2016). This fact clearly establishes the fact that Thermomix Appliance is tortuously liable to the users. It is mentionable here that under Civil Liability Act 2003 Chapter 2 as well the organization is liable to the injured users. Under Chapter 3 of the act the users can claim damages for the pain and suffering (legislation, 2016). As already mentioned, on the basis of the above provided facts of the incident that the company manufacturer is tortuously liable to the users, makes them entitled for remedies for the pecuniary and non- pecuniary loss which includes monetary compensation. On the part of the courts, along with the monetary compensation it can grant injunctions in order to restrain or restrict some attempted breaches or breaches in association to the consumer protections provisions. It is essential to discuss here that, for the pain and suffering the injured users can claim for compensatory damages. For the medical expenses and expenses associated with the damage of property or treatment of injury also the users can make claim for the damages and expenses. The users (i.e. the plaintiff) are further entitled for compensation for any income loss due to damage or injury. The expenses that may occur in the future for the treatment of the injury or repairing the damaged property can also be claimed by them . Under Competition and Consumer Act 2010 Schedule 2 also the company is liable to the users. Schedule 2 Part 3-3 of the act deals with safety of product related services and consumer goods. Part 4-3, Schedule 2 of the act state the offences associated with non- abidance by the safety of product related services and consumer goods and the remedies that the aggrieved party is entitled to (Austlii, 2012). Section 194 of the act states that, supplying consumer goods that fail in complying with the safety standards, is an offence. In the provided case as well, it can be noticed that noticed that the products provided to the users are faulty, which resulted in the occurrence of the injuries. This resulted in the breaching of Competition and Consumer Act 2010. The remedies that are users are entitled to under the act are $1,100,000 as the compensation amount. 2. The deadline in order to file a lawsuit can be referred as Statute of Limitations. In the context of filing lawsuits, most of the lawsuits require it to be filed within a specific amount of time. In cases where statute of limitations runs out the validity of the legal claim expires as well (Courts, 2010). The type of legal claim determines the time period in which a lawsuit can be filed. Hence it can be stated that, the law that fixes the time limit on the basis of a certain starting point, in the period of which legal action in order to determine liability is permissible can be termed as statute of limitations (Boeschen, 2012). Territory, national and state law, legalizes liability in Australia. The limitation period that are provided, as already mentioned depends on issues of the cases. For instance in case of product liability, which is the main issue in the provided case, according to Fair trading Act 2003, 6 years following the date of cause of action when it builds up is the limitation period. Similarly, in case of misleading and deceptive conduct, According to Australian Competition and Consumer Act 2010, 3 years from the date of discoverability of death or injury is the limitation period or 12 years long-stop period for the death or injury is also another part of limitations period under the act. It is mentionable here that the limitation period for the claims varies from region to region. As instance in case of personal injuries, the limitation period under Limitation Act 1969 is 3 years from the discoverability date or 12 years from the omission or act, whichever first expires in case of New South Wales. While in case of Queensland, under Limitations of Action Act 1 974 the limitation period is 3 years. Under Limitations Act 2005 the limitations period is 3 years from the date when an individual becomes aware of the fact that injury has occurred or sustained the inflicted personal injury or the first symptom of or manifestation of the injury for Western Australia (Austlii, 2005). It also requires to be mentioned here that in certain cases there exists provision for extension of the limitation period. As an instance in case of Victoria, for personal injury, under Limitations Actions Act 1958 any period is, reasonable and justified. Hence on the basis of the above discussion, it can be stated that the existence of the statute of limitations primarily exists in order to protect the defendants. An in depth analysis of this aspect reflects the fact that in order to determine rational diligence on the part of the plaintiff while approaching and incorporating on the part of the plaintiff valid cause of the action is one of the prime reason for the existence of statute of limitations. Other than that, in order to deal with the aspect of lost evidence on the part of the defendant in order to disprove a claim that is stale statute of limitations is also required. It also highlights upon the aspect of long-dormant claim that results in more cruelty rather than justice also makes the presence of statute of limitations necessary. There may occur cases when the plaintiff misuses the providing of claims, in order to prevent it also plays crucial role (Vargo, 2014). There may, arise cases where the defendant was not aware of the occurrence of the incidents of injuries. In such cases as well the statute of limitations acts as a safeguard for the defendant. 3. The statutory rules in order to deal with the claims of liability associated with damages or loss, which includes economic loss as well, that is the consequence of the supplied goods containing a safety defect is dealt with in Chapter 3, Part 3-5 of the Australian Consumer Law. In situation when an individual suffer injury or loss due to the supply of defective goods may take action against the manufacturer. In the provided case of Thermomix Appliance, it can be noticed that due to supplying, on the part of the manufacturer, products that do not comply with the safety standard, thus defective in nature resulted in severe injuries as it can be seen in case 73 of the scenario where the machine exploded hot liquid and resulted in burns to arms, stomach and chest of the user. It clearly highlights upon the fault on the part of the provided product and its defective nature which resulted in the injury. This is applicable for the other cases as well; hence making the users entitled to b ring a liability action against a manufacturer under Sections 138-141 of the act. The grounds under which the users can be bring a liability action against a manufacturer under sections 138-141 of the act are: due to the defective goods the users had to suffer damage or loss as a consequence of sustained injuries (Alrc, 2013). Other than that, in cases where due to another good being damaged or destroyed as a result of the defective goods which resulted in the suffering of damage or loss on the part of user also can be a basis for bringing a liability action against a manufacturer under sections 138-141 of the act. In addition to it, if due to a building, land or fixture getting damaged or destroyed because of goods defective in nature that resulted in damage or loss of individual, under Chapter 3, Part 3-5 of the Australian Consumer Law, the users have a basis of bringing a liability action against the manufacturer (Sec 138-141 of ACL). Hence on the basis of the above mentioned gro unds of the sections 138-141of Australian Consumer Law the users can sue the manufacturer in the court. However, the manufacturer can have defenses under sections 142 148 of ACL. The defenses that a manufacturer can have under 142 148 of ACL are: at the time when the goods were supplied the particular safety defects that occurred were absent. Further if the defendant can establish that only because of complying with a mandatory standard the defect occurred then also it will act as a strong defense for the manufacturer, which he can claim under sections 142 148 of ACL (publications, 2016). Further, if the manufacturer can prove under the mentioned sections, that the manufacturer was unable to detect the defect due to the lack of capacity of the state of technological and scientific knowledge, it will also act as effective defenses for the manufacturer. Another mentionable defense for the manufacturer under the mentioned sections are occurrence of the defect because the product was part of another good and it was due to the packaging or design of that other good that resulted in the d efect. Hence on the basis of the above mentioned defenses as mentioned under Sections 142 148 of the act if the manufacturer i.e. Thermomix Appliance can establish that the incidents associated with cases like shooting out of the measuring cup as seen in case 51, malfunctioning of the lid in case 60 or explosion of the machine as in case 73 were not associated with the fault of the manufacturer that results in the faulty product and associated injuries (Choice, 2016). Instead, by stating that at the time of supply of the good the safety defect was not present or due to abiding by mandatory standard the defect occurred or the technological knowledge did not empower the manufacturer to detect the defect or as the product was a part of another good and it as the designing or packaging the manufacturer can defend himself/herself under sections 142 and 148 of ACL (Claytonutz, 2012). References Alrc.gov.au. (2013).Damages | ALRC: Remedies and Costs. [online] Available at: https://www.alrc.gov.au/publications/12-remedies-and-costs/damages [Accessed 16 Sep. 2016]. Alrc.gov.au. (2014).The right to sue in tort | ALRC. [online] Available at: https://www.alrc.gov.au/publications/right-sue-tort [Accessed 16 Sep. 2016]. Austlii.edu.au. (2002).Public Tort Liability: An Alternative to Tort Liability and No-fault Compensation. [online] Available at: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/MurUEJL/2002/45.html [Accessed 16 Sep. 2016]. Austlii.edu.au. (2005).LIMITATION ACT 2005. [online] Available at: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/wa/consol_act/la2005133/ [Accessed 16 Sep. 2016]. Austlii.edu.au. (2012).COMPETITION AND CONSUMER ACT 2010 - SCHEDULE 2The Australian Consumer Law. [online] Available at: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/caca2010265/sch2.html [Accessed 16 Sep. 2016]. Boeschen, C. (2012).Damage Caps and Other Limits on Personal Injury Compensation - AllLaw.com. [online] AllLaw. Available at: https://www.alllaw.com/articles/nolo/personal-injury/damage-caps-limits-compensation.html# [Accessed 16 Sep. 2016]. Choice. (2016).Consumer advocacy - CHOICE: MASS INCIDENT REPORT TO THE ACCC Consumer report. [online] Available at: https://www.choice.com.au/campaigns [Accessed 16 Sep. 2016]. Claytonutz. (2012).The Australian Consumer Law An essential guide for product manufacturers and suppliers November 2012. [online] Available at: https://www.claytonutz.com/ArticleDocuments/178/Clayton-Utz-The-Australian-Consumer-Law-An-Essential-Guide-For-Product-Manufacturers-And-Suppliers-2012.pdf.aspx?Embed=Y [Accessed 16 Sep. 2016]. Claytonutz. (2016).PRODUCT LIABI. [online] Available at: https://www.claytonutz.com/ArticleDocuments/501/16_ProductLiability.pdf.aspx?Embed=Y [Accessed 16 Sep. 2016]. Courts.ca.gov. (2010).Statute of Limitations. [online] Available at: https://www.courts.ca.gov/9618.htm [Accessed 16 Sep. 2016]. legal.thomsonreuters. (2010).Product Liability. [online] Available at: https://legal.thomsonreuters.com.au/product/AU/files/720502336/chapter_23.pdf [Accessed 16 Sep. 2016]. legislation.qld.gov.au. (2016).Civil Liability Act 2003. [online] Available at: https://www.legislation.qld.gov.au/LEGISLTN/CURRENT/C/CivilLiabA03.pdf [Accessed 16 Sep. 2016]. Out-law. (2011).Product liability for negligence. [online] Available at: https://www.out-law.com/topics/commercial/supply-of-goods-and-services/product-liability-for-negligence/ [Accessed 16 Sep. 2016]. Out-law. (2011).Product liability under the Consumer Protection Act. [online] Available at: https://www.out-law.com/topics/commercial/supply-of-goods-and-services/product-liability-under-the-consumer-protection-act/ [Accessed 16 Sep. 2016]. productsafety.gov.au. (2013).Product Safety Australia. [online] Available at: https://www.productsafety.gov.au/contact-us [Accessed 16 Sep. 2016]. publications.qld.gov.au. (2016).The Australian Consumer Law A guide to provisions. [online] Available at: https://publications.qld.gov.au/dataset/1b96f0f9-1d84-44b4-9448-7d871dbd3b9d/resource/a9a1cc75-3b45-44fb-a08d-33d1e6ac7c10/download/aclguidetoprovisions.pdf [Accessed 16 Sep. 2016]. Vargo, T. (2014).Statute Of Limitations (Statute-Barred Debts) In Australia | InfoAviator. [online] Infoaviator. Available at: https://infoaviator.org/finance/credit/bad-credit-in-australia/statute-of-limitations-au/2014/11/23/statute-of-limitations-statute-barred-debts-in-australia/ [Accessed 16 Sep. 2016]. WA, L. (2015).Personal injury. [online] Legalaid.wa.gov.au. Available at: https://www.legalaid.wa.gov.au/INFORMATIONABOUTTHELAW/BIRTHLIFEANDDEATH/PERSONALINJURY/Pages/PersonalInjuryGeneralInformation.aspx [Accessed 16 Sep. 2016].

Volpones weakness Essay Example

Volpones weakness Paper It is debatable, however, that Moscas manipulative personality would make him the dominant character without Volpones weakness of character as, on several occasions, when Volpone is thinking for himself Mosca influences his thoughts for his own gain and takes control of the situation. Jonson shows this immediately in the play, as Volpone initially leads the conversation in Act 1 scene I, but Mosca soon takes control, flattering Volpone with claims of what he believes him to be. When Mosca states that riches area greater good than wisdom Volpone agrees partway, but says he glories more in the cunning purchase ofwealth than in the glad possession, so it appears he is the most leading of the pair, but Mosca seizes this and praises Volpones indulgence, using such analogies as a merchant with rich Candian wines who drinks the lees of Lombards vinegar. He praises Volpone again for his generosity, claiming that he dare give from the bright heap of his gold to Mosca, his poor observer This is not only seen with Volpone, but Mosca also uses his covertly persuasive methods to influence Corvino, making him too believe he is in control. We will write a custom essay sample on Volpones weakness specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Volpones weakness specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Volpones weakness specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Volpone leads conversation and then Mosca takes control   Unnecessary flattery leading to being given money   Makes them think theyre in control   Uses similar techniques on Corvino, despite already being shown to be an impossible task, and wins Celia for Volpone  Despite Moscas calculating nature and his clear skill in manipulating the clients and, to some extent, Volpone, he is dependent on Volpone for a home and his livelihood and therefore, on a larger scale, it is Volpone who is the dominant character, providing the situation and means for Mosca to carry out his deceptions. Socially, Mosca will always be the lesser of the two, but his furtive dominance is achieved through his personality, as seen in his control of Volpone and the clients. His lower social class also acts as a cunning guise, gulling others into believing his is incapable of influencing them for his gain due, particularly due to his having little or no formal education. It is therefore in personality that we see Mosca as the dominant partner, and it is this aspect of the characters that is overtly focused on in the play. Volpone would be incapable of his cunning purchase ofwealth without Mosca, and Mosca, as a parasite, needs Volpone to support himself and live. Although unbalanced, there is an element of co-dominance and dependence in Volpone and Moscas relationship, with Mosca dependent on material goods, and Volpone dominant in this area, yet dependent on Moscas personality attributes, making Mosca the more dominant in their relationship.