The One Scene That Sealed Titanic’s Fate Essay

Titanic is thought to be one of the most iconic films to ever hit theaters. According to the film industry, the film by James Cameron falls into the realm of an epic romance/disaster genre. Released in 1997, Titanic was an international box office sensation, due to the director providing equal importance to history, fiction, and romance. The film is set in April of 1912, where Jack Dawson played by Leonardo DiCaprio and Rose DeWitt Bukater played by Gloria Stuart and Kate Winslet share a love story that cannot be broken. The movie also gives a historical overview of what happened that dreadful night. This critical analysis of the film Titanic provides an overview that the innovative mode of storytelling (flash back and other techniques) can portray both a love story and the historical background while using a dissolve editing method, in which â€Å"the end of one shot gradually merges into the beginning of the next. The effect is produced by superimposing a fade-out onto a fade-in o f equal length of imposing one scene over another† (Petrie and Boggs 160). This editing effect was used at the beginning of the movie, in which at 21:03, the wreckage of the Titanic is seamlessly and effortlessly transformed into the beautiful masterpiece of a ship that it once was. This effect is also used when Jack and Rose are standing together â€Å"flying† on the edge of the Titanic, later to be transformed back into the ship wreck. This scene brings the audience back into the present and shocks them back into the harsh reality that the scene was merely a memory from Rose, and no longer the reality (Titanic1997). The editing in Titanic is truly remarkable, bringing the audience from the future into the past, shocking the audience by showing both first-class and lower-class struggles, and showing not only the love story between Rose and Jack, but the life and death of the Titanic and the two thousand people aboard. Through the use of other film techniques such as editing and camera work, set design, imagery and color, James Cameron created one of the most influential and moving works of art the film world has seen. The editing style and technique brings new life to the cinematography world, and â€Å"rejects the norms of modern Hollywood style† (Butka). In all film elements, visual effects, cinematography, color palette, editing, sound design, and music, contributes to the film as a whole. Cameron, â€Å"who has been pushing the boundaries of the Hollywood classical cinema since The Terminator, finally reached a career high point with Titanic’s synthesis of compelling storytelli ng and dexterous style and technique† (Butka) Visual effects, color, imagery, and set design play an important role in all forms of movie and television. These elements are the core foundation of the overall feeling that the audience experiences when watching a particular film. One particular element of film that impacts the story line is the setting of the scenery. Setting may â€Å"often seem unobtrusive or be taken for granted, it is an essential ingredient in any story and makes an important contribution to the theme of total effect of the film† (Petrie and Boggs 82). The setting of a film should be carefully analyzed because of the effects it has on the interrelationships of the characters, plot, and overall general feeling that the movie brings out in its audience. In Titanic, the setting plays a major role in the fact that the first class citizens were held to a higher standard that the lower class citizens. This set the mood for the rest of the film and sets up the segregation that separates Jack and Rose. The col ors also provide a strict divide between the upper and lower classes aboard the Titanic. The royalty wore brighter, more vibrant colors, as well as more flashy materials, whereas the lower class wore much more torn clothing, all of which were dark and dirty colors. These elements ultimately set the tone for the rest of the movie, and would be a constant struggle for Rose and Jack to keep their bond strong. James Cameron put an emphasis on the difference between these classes in order to give the audience the sense of segregation. James Cameron is a critically acclaimed film director known for some of the biggest box-office hits of all time. A science-fiction fan as a child, Cameron â€Å"went on to produce and direct films including The Terminator, Aliens and Avatar. He has received numerous Academy Awards and nominations for his often large-scale, expensive productions† (Biography Editors). His most noted work, 1997’s Titanic, became the first film â€Å"to earn more than $1 billion and landed 14 Academy Award nominations. Cameron took home three Oscars himself for the project: Best Director, Best Film Editing and Best Picture† (Biography Editors). To re-create one of the greatest disasters at sea in history, â€Å"James Cameron had a special studio built in Mexico, which featured a 17-million-gallon water tank and the 775-foot replica of the Titanic,† this proved to help the film be a successful blockbuster hit (Biography Editors). James Cameron’s techniques used in Titani c became immensely popular as the film became popular. Cameron’s own â€Å"documentary urge was so intense, that he created new diving and photographic equipment – at an extraordinary expense for his studio – to achieve textural authenticity by recording and presenting the eighty-five-year-old wreck of his subject. The film, then, like so many other fictional films, says the ultimate compliment to the documentary form: Cameron uses the real thing to inform his reel thing† (Petrie and Boggs 468). The main purpose behind editing a film is to keep the film in continuous motion, regardless if the time periods switch rapidly, much like in Titanic, where Rose goes from being a seventeen year old girl, to a one-hundred year old woman explaining the history of the Titanic as she remembers it. The editing techniques that were used were ultimately used to shock the audience through â€Å"sudden, jarring cuts between the third- and first-class, [which] build the antithesis between the classes and accentuate the conflicts. Some of the examples include: the cut between the steer get berthing space when Jack and Fabrizio (Danny Nucci) first arrive on the ship and Cal’s private promenade deck; the cut between Rose and Jack dancing in the steerage party scene and the first-class smoking lounge (which is such an abrupt change of atmosphere and energy that it comes as quite a cinematic shock to the viewers); the cut between the flooding in the steerage with rats on the run and the pro priety of a first-class corridor that does not even hint at the impending tragedy† (Butka). Throughout the movie, the film consists of scenes mainly from the Jack and Rose era, however in the beginning of the film, the director made use of flashback technique to unearth the romantic story of the lovers in the film. To be specific, the plot moves from present condition (say, 1996) to past (say, 1912) and to present (1996). In the opening scene, the director portrays the effort of Brock Lovett (say, a treasure hunter) to unearth the secret behind a necklace sunk with RMS Titanic in 1912. Gradually, the director portrays the love affair between Rose and Jack. In the end, Rose drops the necklace into the Ocean and returns. The film ends with a fictional reunion between the lovers. Dissolves are very important to the film, â€Å"particularly those between different time periods, and even fades are used occasionally to mark important points in the film (e.g., when Rose finishes her story)’ (Butka) Cameron also uses â€Å"establishing shots regularly, thus preserving a locale orientation for the viewers: not only do we always know exactly where we are, but these establishing shots also help us grasp the ship’s enormous dimensions† (Butka). Even in the period section of the film, â€Å"there is a separation between two distinct photographic styles: â€Å"In the first part, the camerawork is rather polite, graceful and even eloquent. [Carpenter] was trying to reinforce the opulence and beauty of the time with lighting,† (Butka). This eloquent style gives a feeling of tranquility and perfection to the first class shipmates, providing deep segregation to the boat, thus bringing about the conflict of Jack and Rose’s love. This camera and editing style let the audience feel the same way that the characters were feeling, eloquent and fashionable. When looking at the color of the first class section of the boat, â€Å"there is also use of amber, a color Ca meron has not used before; in addition, the first-class sections of the ship are even more colorful, which is undeniably helped by the exquisite costuming† (Butka). In the second part of the film, the camera work and editing becomes much more violent and choppy, showing the struggle the passengers endured as the ship hit the iceberg and ultimately began to sink. The camerawork â€Å"quickly loses that polite edge and segues into this very kinetic, sometimes violent movement. It’s jarring and bumpy, which suggests the panic of the situation. This is a point that Cameron, Carpenter, and Muro worked on together; later in the film, initial smooth and refined camera movements transform into â€Å"less elegant and more nervous. There’s a lot more handheld work and Steadicam, and its rough† (Butka). The overall production of the Titanic came at quite a cost but was a tremendous success, to say the least. Titanic’s production was a â€Å"famously difficult and complex one, a shoot on an almost unprecedented scale which featured tough technical challenges and which was overseen by a director who knew exactly what he wanted and who demanded the utmost from everyone until he got it, but it was a tough journey to get there† (Braund). Production of the film began in 1995, when â€Å"Cameron shot footage of the real wreck of the RMS Titanic. He envisioned the love story as a means to engage the audience with the real-life tragedy. A shooting took place on board the Akademik Mstislav Keldysh — which aided Cameron in filming the real wreck — for the modern scenes, and a reconstruction of the ship was built at Playas de Rosarito, Baja California. Cameron also used scale models and computer-generated imagery to recreate the sinking. At the time†, the pict ure became the most expensive film ever made, costing approximately US$200 million with funding from Paramount Pictures and 20th Century Fox (Butka). â€Å"Principal photography for Titanic began in July 1996 at Dartmouth, Nova Scotia. In September 1996, the production moved to the newly built Fox Baja Studios in Rosarito, Mexico, where a full-scale RMS Titanic had been constructed (Marsh). Special effects played an important role in how the movie filmed. Many critics were skeptical about how Cameron would portray such a disastrous scene, including the deaths of all of the people aboard the ship. Cameron then went on to say that †the people were all computer graphics. The way we did it was, we had people act out all of those individual behaviors in what we call a ’motion capture environment.’ So, a steward pouring tea for a lady seated on a deck chair – that was all acted out and then that motion file was used to drive and animate those figures. The end result is like you said: We pull back down the full length of Titanic, and you see 350 people all over the decks, doing all those different things. The same technique was used for the sinking when you see hundreds of people on the ship jumping off or rolling down the decks† (Ebert). Cameron also did not want to cut corners in regards to the props and sets used. In addition to the life-size model of the Titanic, Cameron also had â€Å"construction crews build two huge water tanks. One was 90 foot deep and over 800 foot wide in which the model could slowly sink into 17 million gallons of water fed directly from the Pacific Ocean. The second tank was 30 foot deep. It contained 5 million gallons of water and housed the elegant first class dining saloon and the three story Grand Staircase† (Titanic and Co). One of the most impressive interior sets was the recreation of the famed Grand Staircase— the most famous room Titanic contained. Additionally, the Staircase, â€Å"as mentioned by one of the film crew personnel, ended up acting almost as a character in the film, due to it being the location of several pivotal scenes, including the ending scene. Interestingly, the staircase presented in the film is slightly larger than the one on the real ship. The reason for this was because people in 1912 were shorter than they are today. As a result, the staircase was scaled up to make the actors look smaller† (IMDB). For the exterior shots of the ship sinking, the almost â€Å"full-scale ship was placed in a 3 foot deep, 17 million gallon tank and tilted using a crane. For the interior shots of the sinking ship, the sets were enclosed in a 5 million gallon tank and again tilted in the water using a crane. This was the method used for the Grand Staircase. However, to make the destru ction of the Grand Staircase more dramatic, Cameron and his team dropped 90,000 gallons of water onto it. Because the Staircase would be destroyed, there would be only one attempt to get it right. Unexpectedly, the massive volume of water ripped the Staircase from its steel-reinforced foundations, collapsing certain sections of it† (IMDB). This destruction of the stair case was relatively dramatic and saddening to the characters and audience because it had become such a vital work of art in the movie. These stairs were much more than just stairs; they were the place in which Jack fell in love with Rose, the place Rose and Jack embraced in their final kiss in the final scene; a true masterpiece that had become one of the characters, gone in an instant. Roger Ebert became â€Å"film critic of the Chicago Sun-Times in 1967. He is the only film critic with a star on Hollywood Walk of Fame and was named honorary life member of the Directors’ Guild of America. He won the Lifetime Achievement Award of the Screenwriters’ Guild, and honorary degrees from the American Film Institute and the University of Colorado at Boulder† (Ebert). He then went on to interview James Cameron on his success and struggles with the making of the Titanic. The footage of the sunken ship was mainly real footage of the actual sunken Titanic. James Cameron believed that in order for the movie to have a more authentic feel, that he should take actual film himself with his own camera. Cameron wasn’t content to buy footage from documentaries about the search for the Titanic; he shot the film’s undersea footage himself, new for this film: †It’s all our own. I made the dives and operated the camera and we lit it and every thing† (Ebert) Cameron then went on to explain the struggles that appeared when creating the interior of the Titanic. â€Å"It’s consistent with what Titanic looks like† Cameron mentioned. â€Å"We couldn’t explore the whole interior of the ship. We could only get a glimpse into some areas. We went down some corridors to the D-deck level and saw a lot of the remaining hand-carved woodwork, the wall-paneling, and the beautiful ornate carved doors. A lot of it is still there. It’s very, very cold, which helps preserve things. There are marine organisms that will eat wood, but in certain areas the wood was covered with white-leaded paint that protected Titanic† (Ebert). As morbid as it sounds, it was important to display the fear and anguish on the faces of the people trapped on and inside the sinking vessel. Even though this was a Romeo and Juliet type of love story, the overwhelming message was to portray the absolute disaster the Titanic was and to show the terror on the faces of those involved. Cameron goes on to say that many died in terror, you know, when you look at the numbers, if you were a third class male on Titanic you stood a 1-in-10 chance of survival. If you were a first class female, it was virtually a 100 percent survival rate. It broke down along lines of gender and class. If you were a first-class male, you stood about a 50-50 chance of survival. And the crew took it hardest.† Of the 1,500 who died, 600 or 700 of them were crew members. The people who stayed in the dynamo room and the engine room, to keep the lights on so that the evacuation would not become panicked – who stayed till the end and missed their opportun ity to leave the ship – that’s something you’d see less of today† (Ebert). This just goes to show that Cameron felt very passionate about the way he needed to portray this type of despair in his movie, and in order to do that he needed have the film crew work extremely hard in order to portray that same anguish. †That was our most dangerous work,† Cameron said. †The stunt team worked for weeks in advance, videotaping each one of those stunts and rehearsing it and showing me the tapes. It was all intensely pre-planned and the set was made about 50 percent out of rubber at that point, all padded up. But there’s always an X-factor. We had 6,000 stunt person days on this film – the equivalent of one man doing stunts seven days a week for 16 years. But it was all happening at once. We did have a guy break his leg, which I hated. I don’t think anybody should get hurt for a film. So I decided to do more of it with computer graphics† (Ebert). This made it more apparent that special effects had to be made more in order to keep the cast and crew safe. Therefore, the scene in which the Titanic is actually sinking was almost entirely CGI when the camera was sweeping over the boat in a birds eye view. Cameron goes on to talk about the importance of human nature and how the story of Titanic is iconic not because of the class struggles, but once tragedy strikes, we are all on the same level fighting for survival. Cameron goes on to state that the â€Å"great lesson of Titanic for us, going into the 21st century,† he said, † is that the inconceivable can happen. Those people lived in a time of certainty; they felt they had mastered everything – mastered nature and mastered themselves. But they had mastered neither. A thousand years from now Titanic will still be one of the great stories. Certainly, there have been greater human tragedies during this century, but there’s something poetically perfect about Titanic, because of the laying low of the wealthy and the beautiful people who thought life would be infinite and perfect for them.† What would you have done? Anyone seeing this movie, I said, will have to ask them this question: Would I have fought t o get on a lifeboat? Would I have pushed a woman or a child out of the way? Or would I have sat down in the lounge and called for a brandy, like Guggenheim, and faced the inevitable with grace† (Ebert)? In conclusion, Titanic taught the general public that the human race is not invincible and that nature does not care whether you are rich or poor, perfect or imperfect, or nothing at all. Through the masterful works of camera angles, visual imagery, editing, and specific scenery, director and writer James Cameron was able to recreate the tragedy of the unsinkable Titanic through the camera lens. Cameron was able to display the struggles of love, life, death, and historical understanding through the eyes of Jack and Rose, and through the magic of filmmaking, teach an incredible lesson that will live on through eternity.

Middle School vs. High School Essay

Waking up on the morning of the first day of high school felt like butterflies took over my stomach. I had to put together an impressing outfit, fix my hair, and put on appealing makeup. Knowing that in about an hour I would be entering a totally different school environment than what I’m used to frightened me. Within every period of the school day, the butterflies started to flutter out of my stomach and into my new learning atmosphere. Although students tend to fear high school and think it is a nightmare to transition from middle school to the next level, attending high school is not much of a dramatic change. Before beginning high school, you are required to pick levels that you feel comfortable with that correspond with the school-picked courses. You also have to choose three elective classes. Any of these classes could include Art, Chorus, Intro to Family and Consumer Science, Accounting, Graphic Presentations, and many more. All of your chosen classes receive a letter grade, just like middle school, but the required classes are picked according to your academic capability. For example, if you are the type of student that does not do well scholarly, you would choose a level three class. This option is a great way to do better in school. Also in high school, there are more extracurricular options. High school offers a numerous amount of clubs and sports. From soccer and swimming to ping pong club and French club. If any of the extracurricular activities don’t interest you, you even have the opportunity to create your own club with the help of a teacher. In middle school, your classes are already selected and you cannot change them. These classes are mandatory, just like high school, but everyone learns at the same level. This can be a disadvantage for students who take longer to process than others. Also, in middle school, you cannot create your own clubs. The sports and clubs the school provides are your only selections. Transitioning to high school is a big eye opener especially because of the people. Guys have facial hair and girls are more matured. High school goes hand in hand with many different kinds of people and different types of cliques as well. Some examples are jocks, nerds, populars, druggies, and gays. In middle school, there were less people making everyone familiar with  each other. Some being naà ¯ve and inexperienced, they are not used to seeing different types of people. Overall, high school is a lot bigger. Not only is there a downstairs, but an upstairs as well and there are many more hallways. Even though classes are farther apart, there is more time in between classes. In fact, three minutes more than middle school. This allows time to go to your locker before a class and you can even stop to talk in the hallways. Since middle school allowed only two minutes in between classes, you had to be quick with exchanging books. In high school, you can take your time and arrive to class on time. The transition to high school is a big step in education, but it does not have to be a feared one. A new environment brings with it new challenges and worries, however, after awhile you will realize it wasn’t much of a striking change as you thought.

Karl Marx and His Radical Views Essay - 1169 Words

Karl Marx and His Radical Views Karl Marx[i] Karl Marx is among the most important and influential of all modern philosophers who expressed his ideas on humans in nature. According to the University of Dayton, â€Å"the human person is part of a larger history of life on this planet. Through technology humans have the power to have an immense effect on that life.†[ii] The people of his time found that the impact of the Industrial Revolution would further man’s success within this world and would ensure his success as a species. Marx was extremely radical in finding that this was a positive impact on humans in nature. In order to understand why his views were considered radical, it is important to understand his†¦show more content†¦Marx believed the workers were not collecting the benefits of the Industrial Revolution. Marx says that men are forced to work for natural survival. Marx also suggests that working men only have time to engage in the basic animalistic tendencies of a quest for survival. He says that man becomes alienated from nature and other humans as well. Marx is basically saying that man lived day by day, by day and he has nothing else to really live for. Marx thought that as the workers grew stronger, they would eventually rebel against the organization. In doing this, they would create a classless society where everyone would be equal and all property would be abolished. The basis of Marxism is the conviction that socialism is inevitable. Marx believed the free enterprise system, or capitalism, was doomed and that socialism was the only option[iv]. Obviously, this was not a favored philosophy with expanding industrialists, entrepreneurs, and existing political systems of the mid-nineteenth century [v]. Marx wrote The Communist Manifesto with the German radical, Fredriech Engels, Fredriech Engels[vi] who was also Marx’s best friend. The Communist Manifesto was a pamphlet written on the eve of the German Revolution in 1848. In his essay, Marx explains his radical theories on politics and history. Marx and Engels also examined the positive aspects of capitalism in The Communist Manifesto. They thought the bourgeoisie hadShow MoreRelatedThe Radical Nature of Social Contract Theorists Essay1403 Words   |  6 Pagesthere is a plethora of concepts surrounding man and his condition. The social contract, an agreement among individuals where individuals must sacrifice something for protection, is a cornerstone in the operation of society. Over the years, various social contract theorists have worked to understand the ties that bind man. Karl Marx, Charles Darwin, and Friedrich Nietzsche, each felt constrained by their times, and because of this introduced radical concepts surrounding the social contract. Each ofRead MoreKarl Marx : An Influential Philosopher1615 Words   |  7 Pagesto be influenced by Karl Marx, it is no surprise as to why many people disagree with his philosophy. However, if his work is thoroughly analyzed, it can certainly be argued that Karl Marx is one of the most influential philosophers of all time. Contrary to popular belief, Karl Marx actually believed in a classless society, in which everyone would be considered equal and treated equally, thus, eliminating the possibility for inequality between the rich and the poor, or as Marx often referred to asRead MoreKarl Marx View On Capitalism1084 Words   |  5 PagesKarl Marx was a philosopher who was engaged in economic politics, sociology, and radical politics. Marx saw the world as two different entities. He saw it as a scuffle between the bourgeoisie and the proletariats. This is what divided the capitalist society. Marx believed everyone works in some shape, form, and fashion. The bourgeoisie were the individuals that held the capital and the proletariats were the wage-la borers. The social aspect would then come in to play. Marx would then try toRead MoreKarl Marx s Influence On Leadership And Legacy1129 Words   |  5 Pagesclass was unfair. This person was called Karl Marx. This German philosopher inspired workers to rise up and challenge injustices and exploitations. In addition, his views on life and the social structure of his time revolutionized the way people think. It was not until Karl Marx had developed his philosophy that the world knew of the capitalist countries’ unjust social structure. It is easy to say that Karl Marx has tremendously affected history through his leadership and legacy. This prominentRead More Karl Marx Essay1110 Words   |  5 Pagesas a bad thing. Karl Marx would disagree. He formed the basic ideas of communism in his writings. He argued that communism was the eventual government that formed out of many unsuccessful governments. Many modern communists either use his ideas or use parts of his ideas to form their own. Karl Marx is the true father of communism. Marx was born in Trier, Prussia on May 5, 1818 (Beales). His family was Jewish, but his father converted the family to Protestantism when Marx was born. When heRead More Biographies of Karl Marx and Frederich Engels Essay1387 Words   |  6 PagesBiographies of Karl Marx and Frederich Engels Karl Marx and Frederich Engels collaborated to introduce the liberal ideas of Communism. The Communist Manifesto was their byproduct that was introduced in January of 1828. Marx and Engels lives were drastically different from each other, although they both agreed upon the fundamental ideas of it. Marx’s idea of being an individual stemmed from the life that he lived. Marx found that his ideas were often not accepted in various societies but thisRead MoreA Brief Look at Karl Marx769 Words   |  3 Pagesto positively impact the world to be influential. Karl Marx certainly left a mark on the world, but whether his impact was revolutionary or simply detrimental is up to debate. Marx was largely influenced by the ideas of Enlightenment figures like Adam Smith, David Ricardo, and Hegel. Most know him in regard to his writing the Communist Manifesto and its influence on revolutions that led to the formation of notoriously oppressive communist states. His ideas form the base of mod ern international communismRead MoreLife of Karl Marx Essays1493 Words   |  6 Pagesof Karl Marx Karl Marx was possibly one of the most influential thinkers of his time. Marx was born in Trier, Germany on April , 15 1818. His father, a Jewish lawyer, provided a comfortable life for Marx and his siblings. His mother, Henrietta, was of Dutch decent. His parents goal was to provide a family life that would foster an environment conducive to the development of their children. His father hoped Karl wouldRead MoreKarl Marx And The German Political System1427 Words   |  6 PagesKarl Marx was born on May 5th 1818 in Trier, Germany, which was then known as the Kingdom of Prussia. Karl was a philosopher, economist, sociologist, journalist, and revolutionary socialist. His work in economics laid the basis for much of the current understanding of labor and it’s relation to capital, and subsequent economic thought. He was born into a wealthy upper middle-class family. He attended school at the University of Bonn and later he studied law and philosophy at the University of BerlinRead MoreThe Technology Of The Digital Generation Better Than The Meme1653 Words   |  7 Pageswhich memes can be used as a critical framework. Meme Theory: The term â€Å"meme† can be attributed to the Professor Richard Dawkins who wanted a word to help create an analogy to describe how genes replicate themselves in the process of evolution for his book on the subject, ‘The Selfish Gene’. It was published in the mid-1970s and went on to become a bestseller amongst the biologically inclined. He took the Greek word â€Å"mimeme†, which, suitably, translated to a word similar to â€Å"imitator†, and shortened

When Bread Changed History The French Revolution

When Bread Changed History: The French Revolution Bread, the Christian Bible tells us, is the staff of life. In The Hunger Games, Peeta is beaten for throwing burnt loaves of bread to Katniss and her starving family. Miguel de Cervantes in Don Quixote gave an emotional comparison, saying â€Å"All sorrows are less with bread†. For most people, a trip to France is incomplete without several stops to a bakery for a warm crunchy baguette or a buttery croissant. When the French are standing in a long line to buy their days’ worth of bread, they are not just buying bread, but a piece of history as well. Bread was consumed by everyone in 18th century France. From King Louis XVI - who reigned France during this time, the clergy - religious leaders, the nobility- privileged class, the bourgeoisie- the upper middle class, and the peasants- the poorest and least powerful. However, it was different for the peasants. They made up over 85% of the population in France, but they struggled the most. Peasants stood in long lines to buy pieces of bread that were worth more than half of their wages. Bread wasn’t just the â€Å"staff of life† for most peasants in the pre-industrial era; it was life itself. In the 18th century, peasants revolted against the government because there weren’t enough grains, and its prices were too high. Bread, or the lack of, was a political, societal, and economic cause that led to the French Revolution in 1789. To start off, the control on bread was a politicalShow MoreRelatedThe French Revolution And The Revolution Of The Bastille1221 Words   |  5 Pageswould shake a nation. This event further altered the country of France’s history and drastically changed its future. This event was known as the Storming of the Bastille, the first violent instance to instigate the French Revolution and the formation of a rebel alliance to overthrow French monarchy. However the motives of the renegades is far and wide. The question must be asked; What were the major reasons for the French Revolution? Many elements of France’s infrastructure were created to suppress theRead MoreThe French Revolution And The American Revolution1408 Words   |  6 Pages The French Revolution Salahaldin Bileh History 101 Professor Manley October 7, 2015 Throughout history, there have been many Revolutions. The French Revolution was a revolution that changed France history completely. The French Revolution did not only changed history, but changed France’s historical monarchy government to a more republic government. The poor French citizens got the courage to start a revolution from the American Revolution. The French Revolution started at 1789Read MoreWhat Caused The French Revolution?917 Words   |  4 PagesWhat caused the French Revolution? Many things contributed to it evolving. But only three were the most important. The influence dates back all the way to the Age of Enlightenment, the ideas definitely had an effect on the French citizens. The American Revolution ties with the Enlightenment as well. The political inequality of the three estates played a huge part in the disruption. In addition to that, the Economic inequality also influenced France. The French Revolution is a big and memorable partRead MoreThe Debate On The French Revolution Essay1404 Words   |  6 PagesThe Debate on the French Revolution For the French Revolution, the historians are mainly entangled in the debate between two different interpretations. The Marxists recognize the French Revolution as the conflict between the old order (feudal system) and the modern society. On the other hand, the revisionists consider the French Revolution as essentially a political revolution, instead of a bourgeois revolution. From my perspective, the French Revolution is a combined consequence of both economicRead More Everyday Life in Sixteenth Century France Essay1068 Words   |  5 Pageslifestyle in France, just like in all other European countries, has changed dramatically since the early 1700’s. People went from farmers to factory owners to all of the professions of today’s society. The main reason for the great changes in lifestyle that occurred in France was the Industrial Revolution, which urbanized most of France. But the Industrial Revolution was not the only thing that changed France. The monarchy fell the church changed, and the role people had in their jobs and family life changeRead MoreFrom 1789 to 1799, Who Posed the More Dangerous Threats to the French Revolution: Its External Enemies or Its Internal Enemies?891 Words   |  4 Pagesof modern European History: the French Revolution. The French population went through economic chaos, a dictatorship, and a civil war as well as other dramatic changes. During these years, the French decided to speak up for themselves and they became enemies of the French revolution. Internal enemies included the King, Louis XVI, Monarchists and Royalists and the Churches that were run by refractory priests. External threats were caused by aristocrats who had fled the Revolution; more specificallyRead MoreFrom 1789 to 1799, Who Posed the More Dangerous Threats to the French Revolution: Its External Enemies or Its Internal Enemies?880 Words   |  4 Pagesof modern European History: the French Revolution. The French population went through economic chaos, a dictatorship, and a civil war as well as other dramatic changes. During these years, the French decided to speak up for themselves and they became enemies of the French revolution. Internal enemies included the King, Louis XVI, Monarchists and Royalists and the Churches that were run by refractory priests. External threats were caused by aristocrats who had fled the Revolution; more specificallyRead MoreHow Bread Has Improved With New Technology1549 Words   |  7 Pages Matthew Henry once said, â€Å"Here is bread, which strengthens man s heart, and therefore is called the staff of Life.† Bread in many perspectives is the staff of life; it has come a long way with each step evolving into something new; evolving into over two hundred types of bread that are sold worldwide. Bread, born from the minds of humans, to turn a grain into flour, unite it with liquids and toast them over hot stones, is revolutionary. Bread has evolved into impacting our culture, religion, andRead MoreFrench Revolution: the Solution to Class Inequality1141 Words   |  5 Pages The French Revolution was one of the most important events that occurred in the history of France. The revolution crumpled the Old Regime and completely transformed the social and political system of France. The people of France sought to establish a more egalitarian society through their newly created Republic. When Enlightenment thinkers such as John Locke, Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Baron de Montesquieu introduced individual liberty, natural rights and equality the ideas of revolution emergedRead MoreThe French And American Revolutions Essay1369 Words   |  6 Pagesregarding the causes and circumstances between the French and American Revolutions existed due to the people and ideas of the day, but ultimately, they were motivated by different concerns. Americans wanted to be a sovereign nation and the French nationals were revolting against years of oppression and social inequity between the classes. The main causes of the French and American Revolutions will now be listed respectively: FRENCH REVOLUTION: 1. Financial/Economical In the 1700’s, France was

The Enlightenment On The Creation Of A Thriving Society

Tanika Wolff, Group 1 â€Å"Central to the Enlightenment is the notion that equality of educational opportunity is essential to the creation of a flourishing society. Discuss with reference to both a liberal and a conservative perspective† The driving force of the 18th century Enlightenment was to liberate individuals from the oppression of religion. To challenge the despotism of the traditional absolutes, it was imperative that the people were liberated from their dependence on various hegemonies so that they need not rely on such institutions for guidance. In order to do so, individuals needed to mature their intellect, relying on reason and rationality to venture towards autonomy. Consequently, education of the people became crucial in the†¦show more content†¦Through analysing the beliefs at the core of the two polar political ideologies, it can be concluded that liberalism has a more conceivable notion of the foundations inherent to a prosperous society. As a political ideology, conservatism is defined by the desire to conserve and is reflected in a suspicion of political and social change. Conservatives venerate tradition as it is seen to generate social cohesion by linking people to the past and providi ng them with a sense of identity. Conservatives interpret society as a living entity, which is hierarchical by nature and characterised by established social gradations. Thus when reflecting upon society with a conservative perspective, genuine social equality is but a myth, rejected as undesirable and unachievable. Central to this ideology is the notion that inequality of wealth is inevitable, and is justified through the correspondence of differing social responsibilities. Burke a political philosopher who challenged the French Revolution as destructive and counter-productive believed Europe was already representing a flourishing society when the Revolution began. Burke argued that it was not enough to be free, life needed meaning and such could be found in tradition, folklore and myth. In Reflections on the Revolution in France (Burke, E 2004)i, Burke alludes to his position on education, claiming â€Å"there ought to be a system of manners in every nation which a well formed mind to be disposed to relish’ (Burke, E

Essay on Commercial Law of Thermomix Appliance

Question: Discuss about the Commercial Law for Thermomix Appliance. Answer: 1. In case of the provided scenario of Thermomix Appliance it can be noticed that due to the faulty products produced by the company and in spite of informing the company the users or the consumers had to face number of injuries. Some of the mentionable injuries include case 16, January 2015, where the lid of the product blew off that resulted in causing burns to neck, face, arm, and chest. In this mentioned case TM5 model caused the injury. Similarly for case 68, the machine vibrated, became disordered which caused the led to blow off, the consequence of which was explosion of the soup the user was preparing and received second degree burns on the face. On informing the company there was not further response. There are other, number of accidents that had occurred due to the faulty product of Thermomix Appliance. This makes the company tortuously liable to the users for their injuries and suffering as the basic ground of liability in tort of negligence (Austlii, 2002). It needs to be mentioned here that, a legal wrong a legal wrong committed on the part of an entity or on the part of an individual against another entity or a person, for which an award of damages is the remedy can be stated as tort. In this context, it needs to be highlighted that on the part of plaintiff it is required to prove that there was negligence on the part of the defendant, which caused the injuries. This makes it essential for the plaintiff to prove the presence of all the elements that caused the damages. These elements include -duty, breach of duty, cause in fact, proximate cause and damages. In the provided scenario, it can be noticed that on the part of Thermomix Appliance, it owed to the users as duty of care at law of providing safe and effective products to the users. The company breached the duty by failing to meet care standard as required by the law by providing the products that are not faulty to the users. Most importantly, due to the breach of duty on the par t of the organization the users had to suffer major damages like second degree burns in case 52, face, arm and chest burns in case 62 (Choice, 2016). This fact clearly establishes the fact that Thermomix Appliance is tortuously liable to the users. It is mentionable here that under Civil Liability Act 2003 Chapter 2 as well the organization is liable to the injured users. Under Chapter 3 of the act the users can claim damages for the pain and suffering (legislation, 2016). As already mentioned, on the basis of the above provided facts of the incident that the company manufacturer is tortuously liable to the users, makes them entitled for remedies for the pecuniary and non- pecuniary loss which includes monetary compensation. On the part of the courts, along with the monetary compensation it can grant injunctions in order to restrain or restrict some attempted breaches or breaches in association to the consumer protections provisions. It is essential to discuss here that, for the pain and suffering the injured users can claim for compensatory damages. For the medical expenses and expenses associated with the damage of property or treatment of injury also the users can make claim for the damages and expenses. The users (i.e. the plaintiff) are further entitled for compensation for any income loss due to damage or injury. The expenses that may occur in the future for the treatment of the injury or repairing the damaged property can also be claimed by them . Under Competition and Consumer Act 2010 Schedule 2 also the company is liable to the users. Schedule 2 Part 3-3 of the act deals with safety of product related services and consumer goods. Part 4-3, Schedule 2 of the act state the offences associated with non- abidance by the safety of product related services and consumer goods and the remedies that the aggrieved party is entitled to (Austlii, 2012). Section 194 of the act states that, supplying consumer goods that fail in complying with the safety standards, is an offence. In the provided case as well, it can be noticed that noticed that the products provided to the users are faulty, which resulted in the occurrence of the injuries. This resulted in the breaching of Competition and Consumer Act 2010. The remedies that are users are entitled to under the act are $1,100,000 as the compensation amount. 2. The deadline in order to file a lawsuit can be referred as Statute of Limitations. In the context of filing lawsuits, most of the lawsuits require it to be filed within a specific amount of time. In cases where statute of limitations runs out the validity of the legal claim expires as well (Courts, 2010). The type of legal claim determines the time period in which a lawsuit can be filed. Hence it can be stated that, the law that fixes the time limit on the basis of a certain starting point, in the period of which legal action in order to determine liability is permissible can be termed as statute of limitations (Boeschen, 2012). Territory, national and state law, legalizes liability in Australia. The limitation period that are provided, as already mentioned depends on issues of the cases. For instance in case of product liability, which is the main issue in the provided case, according to Fair trading Act 2003, 6 years following the date of cause of action when it builds up is the limitation period. Similarly, in case of misleading and deceptive conduct, According to Australian Competition and Consumer Act 2010, 3 years from the date of discoverability of death or injury is the limitation period or 12 years long-stop period for the death or injury is also another part of limitations period under the act. It is mentionable here that the limitation period for the claims varies from region to region. As instance in case of personal injuries, the limitation period under Limitation Act 1969 is 3 years from the discoverability date or 12 years from the omission or act, whichever first expires in case of New South Wales. While in case of Queensland, under Limitations of Action Act 1 974 the limitation period is 3 years. Under Limitations Act 2005 the limitations period is 3 years from the date when an individual becomes aware of the fact that injury has occurred or sustained the inflicted personal injury or the first symptom of or manifestation of the injury for Western Australia (Austlii, 2005). It also requires to be mentioned here that in certain cases there exists provision for extension of the limitation period. As an instance in case of Victoria, for personal injury, under Limitations Actions Act 1958 any period is, reasonable and justified. Hence on the basis of the above discussion, it can be stated that the existence of the statute of limitations primarily exists in order to protect the defendants. An in depth analysis of this aspect reflects the fact that in order to determine rational diligence on the part of the plaintiff while approaching and incorporating on the part of the plaintiff valid cause of the action is one of the prime reason for the existence of statute of limitations. Other than that, in order to deal with the aspect of lost evidence on the part of the defendant in order to disprove a claim that is stale statute of limitations is also required. It also highlights upon the aspect of long-dormant claim that results in more cruelty rather than justice also makes the presence of statute of limitations necessary. There may occur cases when the plaintiff misuses the providing of claims, in order to prevent it also plays crucial role (Vargo, 2014). There may, arise cases where the defendant was not aware of the occurrence of the incidents of injuries. In such cases as well the statute of limitations acts as a safeguard for the defendant. 3. The statutory rules in order to deal with the claims of liability associated with damages or loss, which includes economic loss as well, that is the consequence of the supplied goods containing a safety defect is dealt with in Chapter 3, Part 3-5 of the Australian Consumer Law. In situation when an individual suffer injury or loss due to the supply of defective goods may take action against the manufacturer. In the provided case of Thermomix Appliance, it can be noticed that due to supplying, on the part of the manufacturer, products that do not comply with the safety standard, thus defective in nature resulted in severe injuries as it can be seen in case 73 of the scenario where the machine exploded hot liquid and resulted in burns to arms, stomach and chest of the user. It clearly highlights upon the fault on the part of the provided product and its defective nature which resulted in the injury. This is applicable for the other cases as well; hence making the users entitled to b ring a liability action against a manufacturer under Sections 138-141 of the act. The grounds under which the users can be bring a liability action against a manufacturer under sections 138-141 of the act are: due to the defective goods the users had to suffer damage or loss as a consequence of sustained injuries (Alrc, 2013). Other than that, in cases where due to another good being damaged or destroyed as a result of the defective goods which resulted in the suffering of damage or loss on the part of user also can be a basis for bringing a liability action against a manufacturer under sections 138-141 of the act. In addition to it, if due to a building, land or fixture getting damaged or destroyed because of goods defective in nature that resulted in damage or loss of individual, under Chapter 3, Part 3-5 of the Australian Consumer Law, the users have a basis of bringing a liability action against the manufacturer (Sec 138-141 of ACL). Hence on the basis of the above mentioned gro unds of the sections 138-141of Australian Consumer Law the users can sue the manufacturer in the court. However, the manufacturer can have defenses under sections 142 148 of ACL. The defenses that a manufacturer can have under 142 148 of ACL are: at the time when the goods were supplied the particular safety defects that occurred were absent. Further if the defendant can establish that only because of complying with a mandatory standard the defect occurred then also it will act as a strong defense for the manufacturer, which he can claim under sections 142 148 of ACL (publications, 2016). Further, if the manufacturer can prove under the mentioned sections, that the manufacturer was unable to detect the defect due to the lack of capacity of the state of technological and scientific knowledge, it will also act as effective defenses for the manufacturer. Another mentionable defense for the manufacturer under the mentioned sections are occurrence of the defect because the product was part of another good and it was due to the packaging or design of that other good that resulted in the d efect. Hence on the basis of the above mentioned defenses as mentioned under Sections 142 148 of the act if the manufacturer i.e. Thermomix Appliance can establish that the incidents associated with cases like shooting out of the measuring cup as seen in case 51, malfunctioning of the lid in case 60 or explosion of the machine as in case 73 were not associated with the fault of the manufacturer that results in the faulty product and associated injuries (Choice, 2016). Instead, by stating that at the time of supply of the good the safety defect was not present or due to abiding by mandatory standard the defect occurred or the technological knowledge did not empower the manufacturer to detect the defect or as the product was a part of another good and it as the designing or packaging the manufacturer can defend himself/herself under sections 142 and 148 of ACL (Claytonutz, 2012). References Alrc.gov.au. (2013).Damages | ALRC: Remedies and Costs. [online] Available at: https://www.alrc.gov.au/publications/12-remedies-and-costs/damages [Accessed 16 Sep. 2016]. Alrc.gov.au. (2014).The right to sue in tort | ALRC. [online] Available at: https://www.alrc.gov.au/publications/right-sue-tort [Accessed 16 Sep. 2016]. Austlii.edu.au. (2002).Public Tort Liability: An Alternative to Tort Liability and No-fault Compensation. [online] Available at: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/MurUEJL/2002/45.html [Accessed 16 Sep. 2016]. Austlii.edu.au. (2005).LIMITATION ACT 2005. [online] Available at: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/wa/consol_act/la2005133/ [Accessed 16 Sep. 2016]. Austlii.edu.au. (2012).COMPETITION AND CONSUMER ACT 2010 - SCHEDULE 2The Australian Consumer Law. [online] Available at: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/caca2010265/sch2.html [Accessed 16 Sep. 2016]. Boeschen, C. (2012).Damage Caps and Other Limits on Personal Injury Compensation - AllLaw.com. [online] AllLaw. Available at: https://www.alllaw.com/articles/nolo/personal-injury/damage-caps-limits-compensation.html# [Accessed 16 Sep. 2016]. Choice. (2016).Consumer advocacy - CHOICE: MASS INCIDENT REPORT TO THE ACCC Consumer report. [online] Available at: https://www.choice.com.au/campaigns [Accessed 16 Sep. 2016]. Claytonutz. (2012).The Australian Consumer Law An essential guide for product manufacturers and suppliers November 2012. [online] Available at: https://www.claytonutz.com/ArticleDocuments/178/Clayton-Utz-The-Australian-Consumer-Law-An-Essential-Guide-For-Product-Manufacturers-And-Suppliers-2012.pdf.aspx?Embed=Y [Accessed 16 Sep. 2016]. Claytonutz. (2016).PRODUCT LIABI. [online] Available at: https://www.claytonutz.com/ArticleDocuments/501/16_ProductLiability.pdf.aspx?Embed=Y [Accessed 16 Sep. 2016]. Courts.ca.gov. (2010).Statute of Limitations. [online] Available at: https://www.courts.ca.gov/9618.htm [Accessed 16 Sep. 2016]. legal.thomsonreuters. (2010).Product Liability. [online] Available at: https://legal.thomsonreuters.com.au/product/AU/files/720502336/chapter_23.pdf [Accessed 16 Sep. 2016]. legislation.qld.gov.au. (2016).Civil Liability Act 2003. [online] Available at: https://www.legislation.qld.gov.au/LEGISLTN/CURRENT/C/CivilLiabA03.pdf [Accessed 16 Sep. 2016]. Out-law. (2011).Product liability for negligence. [online] Available at: https://www.out-law.com/topics/commercial/supply-of-goods-and-services/product-liability-for-negligence/ [Accessed 16 Sep. 2016]. Out-law. (2011).Product liability under the Consumer Protection Act. [online] Available at: https://www.out-law.com/topics/commercial/supply-of-goods-and-services/product-liability-under-the-consumer-protection-act/ [Accessed 16 Sep. 2016]. productsafety.gov.au. (2013).Product Safety Australia. [online] Available at: https://www.productsafety.gov.au/contact-us [Accessed 16 Sep. 2016]. publications.qld.gov.au. (2016).The Australian Consumer Law A guide to provisions. [online] Available at: https://publications.qld.gov.au/dataset/1b96f0f9-1d84-44b4-9448-7d871dbd3b9d/resource/a9a1cc75-3b45-44fb-a08d-33d1e6ac7c10/download/aclguidetoprovisions.pdf [Accessed 16 Sep. 2016]. Vargo, T. (2014).Statute Of Limitations (Statute-Barred Debts) In Australia | InfoAviator. [online] Infoaviator. Available at: https://infoaviator.org/finance/credit/bad-credit-in-australia/statute-of-limitations-au/2014/11/23/statute-of-limitations-statute-barred-debts-in-australia/ [Accessed 16 Sep. 2016]. WA, L. (2015).Personal injury. [online] Legalaid.wa.gov.au. Available at: https://www.legalaid.wa.gov.au/INFORMATIONABOUTTHELAW/BIRTHLIFEANDDEATH/PERSONALINJURY/Pages/PersonalInjuryGeneralInformation.aspx [Accessed 16 Sep. 2016].

Volpones weakness Essay Example

Volpones weakness Paper It is debatable, however, that Moscas manipulative personality would make him the dominant character without Volpones weakness of character as, on several occasions, when Volpone is thinking for himself Mosca influences his thoughts for his own gain and takes control of the situation. Jonson shows this immediately in the play, as Volpone initially leads the conversation in Act 1 scene I, but Mosca soon takes control, flattering Volpone with claims of what he believes him to be. When Mosca states that riches area greater good than wisdom Volpone agrees partway, but says he glories more in the cunning purchase ofwealth than in the glad possession, so it appears he is the most leading of the pair, but Mosca seizes this and praises Volpones indulgence, using such analogies as a merchant with rich Candian wines who drinks the lees of Lombards vinegar. He praises Volpone again for his generosity, claiming that he dare give from the bright heap of his gold to Mosca, his poor observer This is not only seen with Volpone, but Mosca also uses his covertly persuasive methods to influence Corvino, making him too believe he is in control. We will write a custom essay sample on Volpones weakness specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Volpones weakness specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Volpones weakness specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Volpone leads conversation and then Mosca takes control   Unnecessary flattery leading to being given money   Makes them think theyre in control   Uses similar techniques on Corvino, despite already being shown to be an impossible task, and wins Celia for Volpone  Despite Moscas calculating nature and his clear skill in manipulating the clients and, to some extent, Volpone, he is dependent on Volpone for a home and his livelihood and therefore, on a larger scale, it is Volpone who is the dominant character, providing the situation and means for Mosca to carry out his deceptions. Socially, Mosca will always be the lesser of the two, but his furtive dominance is achieved through his personality, as seen in his control of Volpone and the clients. His lower social class also acts as a cunning guise, gulling others into believing his is incapable of influencing them for his gain due, particularly due to his having little or no formal education. It is therefore in personality that we see Mosca as the dominant partner, and it is this aspect of the characters that is overtly focused on in the play. Volpone would be incapable of his cunning purchase ofwealth without Mosca, and Mosca, as a parasite, needs Volpone to support himself and live. Although unbalanced, there is an element of co-dominance and dependence in Volpone and Moscas relationship, with Mosca dependent on material goods, and Volpone dominant in this area, yet dependent on Moscas personality attributes, making Mosca the more dominant in their relationship.